Postgraduate education is a type of education that provides for the training of scientific and scientific —pedagogical personnel with a scientific degree based on basic doctoral studies, doctoral studies and independent research, providing for in-depth study of the specialty and conducting scientific research for the purpose of preparing and defending a doctoral dissertation;

Postgraduate education institution — a system for implementing postgraduate education in the form of basic doctoral studies, doctoral studies or independent research in a scientific organization or educational institution;

Internship — a form of training a researcher for conducting scientific and scientific-creative research in the relevant specialty and obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree with separation from production;

Basic doctoral studies — a form of postgraduate education in the specialty of highly qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, organized separately from production for applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD);

Doctorate — a form of postgraduate education in the specialty of highly qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, organized separately from production for applicants for the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc);

Independent research is — a form of postgraduate education in the specialty of highly qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, organized without separation from production for applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or Doctor of Science (DSc);

A trainee-researcher is — a person admitted to a scientific organization or educational institution as a trainee-researcher in the prescribed manner;

Doctorant — a person admitted to basic doctoral or doctoral studies in a scientific organization or educational institution in the prescribed manner;

Independent researcher — a person admitted to a scientific organization or educational institution as an independent researcher in the prescribed manner;

The applicant is — a person preparing a doctoral dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or Doctor of Science (DSc).

The Unified Electronic System for Coordinating Postgraduate Education is — an information system designed to organize the electronic exchange of documents on admission to postgraduate educational institutions, the formation of reports on the implementation of individual plans of trainees-researchers and applicants.